{"id":3186,"date":"2026-05-20T09:02:15","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T08:02:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/?page_id=3186"},"modified":"2026-05-20T09:32:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T08:32:39","slug":"hlavni-mezniky-vyvoje-hasicstva","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/historie\/hlavni-mezniky-vyvoje-hasicstva\/","title":{"rendered":"Hlavn\u00ed mezn\u00edky v\u00fdvoje hasi\u010dstva"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hasi\u010dstvo je tak star\u00e9, jak lidstvo samo. Jakmile \u010dlov\u011bk poznal ohe\u0148, nau\u010dil se jej tak\u00e9 hasit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V nejstar\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b spo\u010d\u00edvalo ha\u0161en\u00ed v bour\u00e1n\u00ed sousedn\u00edch objekt\u016f vedle ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edho, proto\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010din\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f a n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed na ha\u0161en\u00ed nebylo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stavby byly velice n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ru a nebylo je tedy ani mo\u017eno hasit dokonalej\u0161\u00edmi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U vzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f starov\u011bku nalezneme prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tky organizovan\u00e9 domobrany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b hasi\u010dsk\u00e9ho sboru sah\u00e1 do druh\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed Kristem. Prvn\u00ed dochovan\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed hasi\u010dsk\u00e9ho sna\u017een\u00ed s primitivn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky sv\u00e9 doby, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z babylonsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Ninive (cca 800 let p\u0159ed Kristem).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bylo ve star\u00e9m Egypt\u011b ve t\u0159et\u00edm stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed Krystem. Tehdy tam \u017eil u\u010denec, matematik Ktesibios <\/a>(285 p\u0159. n. l. \u2013 222 p\u0159. n. l.). \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 d\u00edlo se nedochovalo, m\u00e1me v\u0161ak o n\u011bm zpr\u00e1vy v d\u00edle Marca Vitruvia Pollia, Ath\u00e9naia, Prokla \u010di Her\u00f3na Alexandrijsk\u00e9ho. D\u00edky nim v\u00edme, \u017ee Ktesibios vynalezl tlakovou pumpu, v\u00fdv\u011bvu, dvoj\u010dinnou hasi\u010dskou st\u0159\u00edka\u010dku, z\u00e1pachovou uz\u00e1v\u011brku, vodn\u00ed hodiny a vodn\u00ed varhany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve star\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i \u0159\u00e1dily \u010detn\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry, hlavn\u011b divadel a dal\u0161\u00edch velk\u00fdch staveb. Proto bylo za c\u00edsa\u0159e Augusta <\/a>z\u0159\u00edzeno organizovan\u00e9 hasi\u010dstvo. Tento prvn\u00ed \u201epo\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed sbor\u201c m\u011bl 7.000 mu\u017e\u016f, d\u011blil se na 7 prapor\u016f po 1.000. B\u011bhem \u010dasu byly primitivn\u00ed stavby nahrazeny kamenn\u00fdmi, kter\u00e9 nebylo t\u0159eba hasit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Japonsku, podobn\u011b jako v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, byla v\u011bt\u0161ina staveb ze d\u0159eva. S ohledem na tradice se ani nen\u00ed moc co divit, \u017ee do roku platil 1873 z\u00e1kon, \u017ee z domu toho, ve kter\u00e9m vznikl po\u017e\u00e1r, byli v\u0161ichni dosp\u011bl\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 popraveni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed modern\u00ed mezn\u00edky v\u00fdvoje hasi\u010dstva:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
1518 \u2013 Anton\u00edn Platner, zlatn\u00edk, v Aug\u0161purku vynalezl mobiln\u00ed st\u0159\u00edka\u010dku.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
1655 \u2013 Jan Hansch, zmodernizoval mobiln\u00ed st\u0159\u00edka\u010dku, doplnil ji o hadice, savice a v\u011btrn\u00edk. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Hanschovy st\u0159\u00edka\u010dky byla zhotovena z mosazi, m\u011bdi a \u017eeleza, dala se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eet jako san\u011b. Stroj se skl\u00e1dal z velk\u00e9ho truhl\u00edku, ke kter\u00e9mu byly p\u0159id\u011bl\u00e1ny dva men\u0161\u00ed, opat\u0159en\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy. Do men\u0161\u00edch se lila voda, kter\u00e9 cel\u00fd stroj pojal \u2013 3000 litr\u016f. P\u00edsty se vytahovaly a zastrkovaly dv\u011bma dlouh\u00fdmi bidly, kter\u00e9 byly po stran\u00e1ch stroje p\u0159id\u011bl\u00e1ny k p\u00edst\u016fm. Tahalo-li za bidla 24 lid\u00ed, bylo pr\u00fd mo\u017eno dost\u0159\u00edknout a\u017e na vzd\u00e1lenost 25 metr\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
1829 \u2013 Anglick\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr a konstrukt\u00e9r John Braithwaite (1797-1870) je uv\u00e1d\u011bn jako prvn\u00ed, kdo na sv\u011bt\u011b sestrojil parn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed stroj. Parn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edka\u010dka se velmi osv\u011bd\u010dila p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru Anglick\u00e9 opery (English Opera House) v roce 1830, p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru Argyll Rooms, z\u00e1bavn\u00edho centra na Little Argyll Street, Regent Street v Lond\u00fdn\u011b v roce 1930 a tak\u00e9 p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru budovy parlamentu (Houses of Parliament) v roce 1834.Stroj spaloval koks, vyvinul p\u00e1ru asi za dvacet minut a pak d\u00e1val dv\u011b tuny vody za minutu. Pozd\u011bji Braithwaite postavil dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i stroje je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f, z nich\u017e dva byly koupeny do Berl\u00edna a Liverpoolu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
1841 \u2013 prvn\u00ed dobrovoln\u00fd hasi\u010dsk\u00fd sbor s parn\u00ed mobiln\u00ed st\u0159\u00edka\u010dkou \u2013 hasi\u010dsk\u00fd sbor v M\u00ed\u0161ni<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Postupem \u010dasu se n\u011bkter\u00e9 dobrovoln\u00e9 hasi\u010dsk\u00e9 sbory ve m\u011bstech transformovaly v placen\u00e9 \u2013 co\u017e vedlo k profesionalizaci hasi\u010dstva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed placen\u00fdch hasi\u010dsk\u00fdch sbor\u016f byl impulsem k postupn\u00e9mu zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00ed hasi\u010dsk\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed. Sestrojen byl posuvn\u00fd \u017eeb\u0159\u00edk, za\u010daly se pou\u017e\u00edvat konopn\u00e9 hadice (d\u0159\u00edve ko\u017een\u00e9), za\u010daly se ve m\u011bstech z\u0159izovat hydranty, ohebn\u00e9 savice, parn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edka\u010dky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u011bnila se i strategie ha\u0161en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f \u2013 bylo upu\u0161t\u011bno od star\u00e9ho rozd\u011blen\u00ed na \u201est\u0159\u00edka\u010dn\u00edky\u201c, \u201elezce\u201c, \u201eochr\u00e1nce\u201c, \u201evoda\u0159e\u201c. Byly zavedeny dev\u00edtky. Aby se u\u0161et\u0159ilo t\u0159ec\u00ed nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed hadic zavedly se \u0161irok\u00e9 \u201eB\u201c hadice a teprve na n\u011b od rozd\u011blova\u010de \u201eC\u201c hadice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Roku 1883 byla na Morav\u011b zalo\u017eena \u201e\u010cesk\u00e1 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed jednotka moravskoslezsk\u00fdch dobrovoln\u00fdch sbor\u016f hasi\u010dsk\u00fdch\u201c, do kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ihl\u00e1silo p\u0159i jej\u00edm vzniku 30 sbor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hasi\u010dsk\u00e1 idea se stala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 m\u00f3dou a proto v 90. letech 19. stolet\u00ed vznikaly hasi\u010dsk\u00e9 sbory jako houby po de\u0161ti. Za vznik a rozvoj hasi\u010dstva maj\u00ed velkou z\u00e1sluhu tehdej\u0161\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9. Oni byli zpravidla prvn\u00edmi zakladateli sbor\u016f, ale i jejich v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi \u010dinovn\u00edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V na\u0161em nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm okol\u00ed prvn\u00ed sbor vznikl v roce 1876 ve Zdounk\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd zalo\u017eil nadu\u010ditel Eduard Bubl\u00edk. Rok na to 1877 v Hul\u00edn\u011b, 1881 v Ro\u0161t\u00edn\u011b, 1883 ve Kvasic\u00edch a St\u0159\u00edlk\u00e1ch, 1887 v Morkovic\u00edch, 1888 v Prav\u010dic\u00edch a Po\u010denic\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hasi\u010dstvo je tak star\u00e9, jak lidstvo samo. Jakmile \u010dlov\u011bk poznal ohe\u0148, nau\u010dil se jej tak\u00e9 hasit. V nejstar\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b spo\u010d\u00edvalo ha\u0161en\u00ed v bour\u00e1n\u00ed sousedn\u00edch objekt\u016f vedle ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edho, proto\u017ee\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":304,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3186","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3186"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3187,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3186\/revisions\/3187"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/304"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}