$\"LODN\u00cd$ <\/div>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o velmi u\u017eite\u010dnou smy\u010dku s v\u0161estrann\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm. Je z\u00e1kladem pro v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha jin\u00fdch uzl\u016f. Snadno se v\u00e1\u017ee, spolehliv\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed i p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jen jednoho konce. Po zata\u017een\u00ed ji lze snadno rozv\u00e1zat a lehce zkr\u00e1tit. Spolehliv\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed na v\u00e1lcov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011btech s hladk\u00fdm nebo i drsn\u00fdm povrchem. P\u0159i jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba m\u00edt na mysli, \u017ee je spolehliv\u00fd, jen pokud je jeho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed trval\u00e9. Jakmile nap\u011bt\u00ed pomine, uzel se povol\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se nap\u0159. k uv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvodn\u00edho veden\u00ed \u010di k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed karabiny.
Nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd k p\u0159iv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed nezat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho lana na pevn\u00fd bod.<\/p>\n

Zkracova\u010dka <\/h3>\n
$\"Zkracova\u010dka\"$ <\/div>\n
Zkracova\u010dka slou\u017e\u00ed k tomu, abychom nemuseli \u0159ezat lana, kdykoliv pot\u0159ebujeme jeho krat\u0161\u00ed kus. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zkracova\u010dka se v\u00e1\u017ee ze t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1vit\u016f, prost\u0159edn\u00ed z nich rozt\u00e1hnete do t\u011bch krajn\u00edch a ty za konce ut\u00e1hnete. Pokud m\u00e1te pot\u0159ebu zkr\u00e1tit lano v\u00edc, je mo\u017en\u00e9 pokra\u010dovat n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobnou zkracova\u010dkou.<\/p>\n
TESA\u0158SK\u00dd UZEL<\/h3>\n
$\"TESA\u0158SK\u00dd$ <\/div>\n
Je to jednoduch\u00fd zp\u016fsob p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00ed lana ke kmenu, v\u011btvi, tr\u00e1mu, potrub\u00ed \u010di jin\u00fdm podobn\u00fdm b\u0159emen\u016fm. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edc je nosn\u00e9 lano zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1no, t\u00edm pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je sev\u0159en\u00ed smy\u010dky. (Voln\u00fd konec by m\u011bl b\u00fdt ovinut okolo pevn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti z\u00e1vitu alespo\u0148 t\u0159ikr\u00e1t). Po uvoln\u011bn\u00ed tahu se uzel snadno rozvazuje. P\u0159i prom\u011bnliv\u00e9m zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed uvoln\u011bn\u00ed nebo sklouznut\u00ed uzlu, proto je t\u0159eba po ka\u017ed\u00e9m povolen\u00ed uzel p\u0159ekontrolovat.<\/p>\n
OSMI\u010cKOV\u00dd UZEL<\/h3>\n
$\"OSMI\u010cKOV\u00dd$ <\/div>\n
Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi z\u00e1kladn\u00ed uzly. Samotn\u00fd osmi\u010dkov\u00fd uzel nem\u00e1 velk\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed, \u010dast\u011bji se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dvojit\u00fd osmi\u010dkov\u00fd uzel (osmi\u010dkov\u00e1 smy\u010dka). Slou\u017e\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji k navazov\u00e1n\u00ed lana na pevn\u00fd bod nebo nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed hasi\u010de na lano, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit i ke sv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed dvou lan. Proti ostatn\u00edm uzl\u016fm zp\u016fsobuje men\u0161\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nosnosti lana (asi 55\u201360 % pevnosti samostatn\u00e9ho lana). D\u00edky symetrick\u00e9mu tvaru se snadno kontroluje vizu\u00e1ln\u011b i hmatem a nem\u00e1 tendenci se samovoln\u011b rozvazovat. Ze v\u0161ech t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f je velmi bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a je doporu\u010dov\u00e1n. Trochu obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je jeho rozvazov\u00e1n\u00ed po dota\u017een\u00ed(nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u00e1dem horolezce). Je to ale mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e u v\u011bt\u0161iny ostatn\u00edch uzl\u016f.<\/p>\n
AMBULANTN\u00cd UZEL<\/h3>\n
$\"AMBULANTN\u00cd$ <\/div>\n
Ambulantn\u00ed uzel (ploch\u00e1 spojka) Uzel je ploch\u00fd a netla\u010d\u00ed, proto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed (obvazy, \u0161\u00e1tky). Lze jej pou\u017e\u00edt i na svazov\u00e1n\u00ed dvou lan p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru. Na svazov\u00e1n\u00ed lan pro pot\u0159eby z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je v\u0161ak nevhodn\u00fd a\u017e nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd. Uzel se po lan\u011b m\u016f\u017ee klouzat, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 p\u0159i uv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na hladk\u00fdch syntetick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby lze uzel pom\u011brn\u011b snadno uvolnit, pokud je v\u0161ak zata\u017een siln\u011b a kdy\u017e nav\u00edc provaz navlhne, rozvazuje se naopak \u0161patn\u011b.<\/p>\n
PROTISM\u011aRN\u00dd OSMI\u010cKOV\u00dd UZEL<\/h3>\n
$\"PROTISM\u011aRN\u00dd$ <\/div>\n
\u010casto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd spojovac\u00ed uzel. Hod\u00ed se v\u0161ak jen pro spojen\u00ed konc\u016f lana stejn\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru, nebo popruh\u016f stejn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159e. Uzel nejev\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 tendence k samovoln\u00e9mu rozvazov\u00e1n\u00ed, snad jedin\u011b p\u0159i extr\u00e9mn\u011b siln\u00e9m a v nevhodn\u00e9m sm\u011bru veden\u00e9m t\u0159en\u00ed o sk\u00e1lu je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee by se rozv\u00e1zal. Po siln\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jde relativn\u011b dob\u0159e rozv\u00e1zat.<\/p>\n
DRA\u010c\u00cd SMY\u010cKA<\/h3>\n
$\"DRA\u010c\u00cd$ <\/div>\n
Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed dra\u010d\u00ed smy\u010dka b\u00fdvala jedna z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch smy\u010dek v\u016fbec, zejm\u00e9na byla nenahraditelnou v horolezectv\u00ed a jej\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 na ni nedali dopustit. Dnes u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159ekonan\u00fd uzel, kter\u00fd se doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat jen v nouzi. I p\u0159esto m\u00e1 sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam a rozhodn\u011b se vyplat\u00ed tuto smy\u010dku um\u011bt spr\u00e1vn\u011b uv\u00e1zat.Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na lano, lze ji pou\u017e\u00edt i kotven\u00ed lana k jist\u00edc\u00edmu bodu. Ale nen\u00ed to zrovna nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pro\u010d? Dra\u010d\u00ed smy\u010dka toti\u017e nedr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159i obvodov\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno – p\u0159i roztahov\u00e1n\u00ed oka smy\u010dky). Dra\u010d\u00ed uzel tak nen\u00ed v\u016fbec vhodn\u00fd ke spojov\u00e1n\u00ed dvou konc\u016f lana do okruhu. N\u011bkolik smrteln\u00fdch \u00faraz\u016f varuje!! Mimo to je Dra\u010d\u00ed uzel n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k samovoln\u00e9mu rozv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na tuh\u00fdch lanech se \u0161patnou uzlovatelnost\u00ed. V\u0161em t\u011bmto nebezpe\u010d\u00edm s rozv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm lze \u010delit nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm pojistn\u00e9ho uzl\u00edku koncov\u00fdm cancourem. Plat\u00ed z\u00e1sada, \u017ee pokud Dra\u010d\u00ed smy\u010dku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, tak v\u017edy s p\u0159id\u011blan\u00fdm pojistn\u00fdm uzl\u00edkem. Ten se d\u011bl\u00e1 bu\u010f jako vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, anebo jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed. Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se nej\u010dast\u011bji d\u011bl\u00e1 jako oby\u010dejn\u00e9 oko, lep\u0161\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variantou je v\u0161ak ud\u011blat jej jako Dvojit\u00fd ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd uzel. Ov\u0161em p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pramene lana, kter\u00fd z uzlu vych\u00e1z\u00ed, je Dra\u010d\u00ed smy\u010dka pevn\u00e1, a i po siln\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jde snadno rozv\u00e1zat. To je snad jedin\u00fd v\u00fdrazn\u00fd klad t\u00e9to smy\u010dky.Dra\u010d\u00ed smy\u010dka se snadno v\u00e1\u017ee jednou rukou okolo pasu t\u011bla – viz. obr\u00e1zek. Toho jde vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159i nouzov\u00e9m nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed lana na t\u011blo v n\u011bjak\u00e9 prek\u00e9rn\u00ed situaci, kdy se jednou rukou mus\u00edme dr\u017eet, a k nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1m tak u\u017e zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jen jedna ruka.<\/p>\n
RYB\u00c1\u0158SK\u00c1 SPOJKA<\/h3>\n
$\"RYB\u00c1\u0158SK\u00c1$ <\/div>\n
Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v\u011bt\u0161inou dvojit\u00e1. Velmi dob\u0159e se hod\u00ed ke spojov\u00e1n\u00ed dvou lan i nestejn\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f. Vytvo\u0159\u00edme ji tak, \u017ee dv\u011b lana polo\u017e\u00edme vedle sebe konci proti sob\u011b tak, aby p\u0159esahovaly p\u0159es sebe asi jeden metr. Potom na ka\u017ed\u00e9m lan\u011b uv\u00e1\u017eeme dvojit\u00e9 o\u010dko okolo lana prot\u011bj\u0161\u00edho. Lano z o\u010dka mus\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ovat proti prot\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu lanu. O\u010dkov\u00e9 uzly \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b urovn\u00e1me a st\u00e1hneme k sob\u011b. T\u00edm se op\u0159ou o sebe a pevn\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed. Tento uzel lze po odleh\u010den\u00ed rozv\u00e1zat. Proti rozv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 tento uzel zajistit samostatn\u00fdmi o\u010dky na ka\u017ed\u00e9 stran\u011b uzlu.\n<\/p>\n
Polovi\u010dn\u00ed lodn\u00ed smy\u010dka <\/h3>\n
$\"Polovi\u010dn\u00ed$ <\/div>\n
Jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch uzl\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch u hasi\u010d\u016f. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se pro ji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hasi\u010d\u016f (doporu\u010den\u00e1 jist\u00edc\u00ed metoda UIAA), v nouzi i na sla\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed (pokud p\u0159i sob\u011b nem\u00e1me jin\u00e9 sla\u0148ovac\u00ed pom\u016fcky, nap\u0159. osmu), m\u00e1 velmi dobr\u00e9 vlastnosti p\u0159i zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1du. Smy\u010dka sama o sob\u011b nedr\u017e\u00ed, pouze t\u0159en\u00edm brzd\u00ed posouv\u00e1n\u00ed lana. P\u0159i spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed lezce nebo p\u0159i sla\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b krout\u00ed lano, co\u017e komplikuje jeho pohodln\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159esto jde o jeden z nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch uzl\u016f u hasi\u010dsk\u00fdch jednotek, proto\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 jednotky neb\u00fdvaj\u00ed vybaveny speci\u00e1ln\u00edm lezeck\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm.<\/p>\n
PRUS\u00cdK NEBOLI LI\u0160\u010c\u00cd SMY\u010cKA<\/h3>\n
$\"LI\u0160\u010c\u00cd$ <\/div>\n
Pojmenov\u00e1n podle rakousk\u00e9ho horolezce Karla Prusika (1896-1961). V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u00e1bornick\u00e9 nebo skautsk\u00e9 terminologii se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Li\u0161\u010d\u00ed smy\u010dka. Jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed prus\u00edkovac\u00ed uzel. Lze jej v\u00e1zat jednou rukou. Podle po\u010dtu omot\u00e1n\u00ed smy\u010dky kolem lana rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1me jednoduch\u00fd prus\u00edk, dvojit\u00fd prus\u00edk, trojit\u00fd prus\u00edk, atd. Tento prus\u00edkovac\u00ed uzel je symetrick\u00fd, a tak dr\u017e\u00ed v obou dvou sm\u011brech stejn\u011b. Nev\u00fdhodou tohoto uzlu je, \u017ee funguje jen se smy\u010dkami v\u00fdrazn\u011b ten\u010d\u00edmi, ne\u017e je lano. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na lan\u011b o pr\u016fm\u011bru 11 mm funguje nejv\u00edce 5 mm prus\u00edkovac\u00ed smy\u010dka. Tenk\u00e9 smy\u010dky maj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed nosnost, a jsou m\u00e1lo odoln\u00e9 proti destrukci. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed tlust\u0161\u00edch smy\u010dek za\u010dne uzel prokluzovat. Pou\u017e\u00edvat se daj\u00ed jen kulat\u00e9 smy\u010dky, u ploch\u00fdch popruhov\u00fdch smy\u010dek uzel nefunguje spolehliv\u011b a nelze ho proto pro popruhy doporu\u010dit.<\/p>\n
\u00daVAZ NA PROUDNICI<\/h3>\n
$\"\u00daVAZ$ <\/div>\n
Je speci\u00e1ln\u00edm uzlem pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm pouze u hasi\u010d\u016f. Slou\u017e\u00ed k uv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed proudnice na lano, aby se veden\u00ed mohlo vytahovat nap\u0159. do pater budov nebo transportovat p\u0159es p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky \u010di vodn\u00ed toky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
LODN\u00cd SMY\u010cKA Jedn\u00e1 se o velmi u\u017eite\u010dnou smy\u010dku s v\u0161estrann\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm. Je z\u00e1kladem pro v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha jin\u00fdch uzl\u016f. Snadno se v\u00e1\u017ee, spolehliv\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed i p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jen jednoho konce. Po zata\u017een\u00ed ji lze snadno rozv\u00e1zat a lehce zkr\u00e1tit. Spolehliv\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed na v\u00e1lcov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011btech s hladk\u00fdm nebo i drsn\u00fdm povrchem. P\u0159i jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":43,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[7],"class_list":["post-34","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mladi-hasici","tag-plamen"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":92,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34\/revisions\/92"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/43"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=34"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.belov.cz\/sdh\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=34"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}